GI

End-stage liver fibrosis produces two linked problems — hepatocellular synthetic failure and portal hypertension — and nearly every board fact (varices, ascites, SBP, encephalopathy, hyperestrinism, Child-Pugh/MELD) flows from one of them. This lesson maps the causes, portosystemic collaterals, decompensating complications, and next-best-step management.

A boards-focused walk through GERD and peptic ulcer disease — from LES failure and the acid-versus-mucosa imbalance to the classic duodenal-vs-gastric ulcer split, H. pylori testing rules, the dyspepsia next-best-step algorithm, eradication regimens, and the perforation/bleed/Zollinger-Ellison complications examiners love.

A boards-focused deep dive contrasting Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis across pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management—packed with vignette buzzwords, endoscopy/imaging/lab findings, and next-best-step decisions for STEP 1 and STEP 2 CK.

A Step 2 CK–focused walkthrough of acute pancreatitis from trypsin-driven autodigestion through the Revised Atlanta diagnostic criteria, etiology-directed workup, and current management (early moderate goal-directed fluids, early enteral feeding, no routine antibiotics). Emphasizes next-best-step decisions for gallstone pancreatitis and infected necrosis, plus high-yield comparison tables.

A high-yield STEP 1 / STEP 2 CK review of three esophageal disorders — achalasia, cancer (SCC vs adenocarcinoma), and varices — built around discriminating symptoms, gold-standard diagnostics, and next-best-step management. Emphasizes the classic board traps: pseudoachalasia, the solids-vs-liquids dysphagia rule, and the acute variceal-bleed bundle.

A boards-focused walkthrough of malabsorption: three-phase pathophysiology, deficiency-by-location clues, D-xylose logic, and the classic causes (celiac, Whipple, tropical sprue, pancreatic insufficiency, SIBO, abetalipoproteinemia) with next-best-step diagnosis and cause-directed management.

A high-yield board review of colorectal cancer and polyps covering the adenoma–carcinoma sequence and its three molecular pathways (APC/chromosomal instability, MSI/Lynch, serrated/BRAF), polyp and hereditary-syndrome comparison tables, right- versus left-sided presentation, current screening ages, and next-best-step diagnosis, staging, and management. Written for STEP 1 and STEP 2 CK with classic vignette buzzwords.

A boards-focused walkthrough of biliary disease from lithogenic bile to next-best-step management, mapping each syndrome (colic, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis) to its buzzwords, labs, imaging, and definitive intervention. Emphasizes ultrasound-first workup, HIDA for equivocal cholecystitis, and ERCP for CBD stones and cholangitis.